ESPE Abstracts

Aim: To identify early risk factors of the development of alimentary obesity in adolescence.

Methods: We analysed retrospectively 375 histories of development of adolescents: group 1 – 206 obese children (14.55±2.06 years, BMI 32.9±5.1 kg/m²), group 2 – 169 normal-weight patients (12.6±2.2 years (P=0.2); BMI 20.5±1.2 kg/m² (P=0.0001)) from the University Hospital (Minsk). We collected anamnesis clarifying gestational age, account and complications of pregnancy and delivery, presence/absence of chronic intrauterine hypoxia, family obesity, parental smoking, feeding until 4 months; anthropometric data at birth, 4–12 months; 1.5; 2–6; 12 years were estimated.

Results: Birth weight in obese children were higher than in normal-weight (P=0.0001). Complicated pregnancy in group 1 were detected in 63% (preeclampsia – 34.8%, iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) 4.3%, infections 8.7%, threatened miscarriage 15.2%) in group 2 – 32.5% (preeclampsia 17.8%; IDA 14.8%) (P=0.0001); chronic intrauterine fetal hypoxia – 34.8 and 5.9% (P=0.0001); complications in delivery – 35.6 and 20.7% (P=0.049). Parent’s obesity of group 1 were noted in 75.9% of cases, control 1.8% (P=0.0001). There were the increasing BMI in obese girls in comparison with controls in 4 (P=0.01), 5 (P=0.005), 6 years (P=0.005). The age of adiposity rebound was 2 years (P=0.05). BMI in obese boys were higher than in normal-weight in 6 (P=0.0001)–8 (P=0.003), 10 (P=0.01)–12 (P=0.02) months; 2–6 years (P(2y)=0.006; P(3y)=0.04; P(4y)=0.0001; P(5y)=0.03; P(6y)=0.001). Adiposity rebound in obese boys was 2 years (P=0.001). There were no significant differences between the groups in the nature of delivery, pregnancy and delivery account; parental smoking, birth height and gestational age, feeding until 4 months of age.

Conclusions: Large birth weight, early age at adiposity rebound, early increasing of BMI comparison with normal-weight children, complications of pregnancy and delivery, chronic intrauterine foetal hypoxia; obese parents are related to perinatal risk factors for obesity development in adolescence.