ESPE2018 Poster Presentations Growth & Syndromes P1 (30 abstracts)
Genetic Investigation of Children with Syndromic Prenatal Onset Short Stature
Thais Homma a, , Bruna Freire a, , Rachel Ronjo d , Andrew Dauber e , Mariana Funari a, , Antônio Lerario f , Ivo Arnhold a, , Ana Canton a , Sofia Sugayama d , Debora Bertola d , Chong Kim d , Alexsandra Malaquias a, & Alexander Jorge a,
aUnidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; bUnidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM42, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; cUnidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM42, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; dUnidade de Genetica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; eDivision of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA; fDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; gUnidade de Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Departamento de Pediatria, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Background: Patients born small for gestational age (SGA) with additional syndromic features to short stature are likely to present with genetic causes.
Aim: To perform a clinical and genetic-molecular investigation of a group of syndromic SGA patients without catch-up growth.
Methods: We selected 118 patients born SGA [birth weight and/or length standard deviation score (SDS) ≤−2 for gestational age] without catch-up growth at the age of 2 or above [height SDS ≤−2] and dysmorphic features, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability. These patients were evaluated clinically, laboratory and radiologically by professionals with expertise in dysmorphology. Among these syndromic patients, they were reclassified as known or unknown syndromic short stature, according to the establishment of the clinical diagnosis by routine exams and clinical evaluation. Molecular evaluation was performed according to the clinical diagnosis. Unknown syndromic short stature patients were submitted for molecular karyotyping (aCGH/SNPa) and/or whole exome sequencing (WES).
Results: Fifty-three (44.9%) patients had a clinical diagnosis of a specific genetic syndrome and 78.7% confirmed the initial diagnosis by target genetic tests. These patients were diagnosed as Silver-Russell (n=9), Achondroplasia (n=6), Hypochondroplasia (n=4), Bloom (n=3), Noonan (n=2), Floating-Harbor (n=2), Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (n=2), Langer dysplasia (n=2), Cornelia de Lange (n=2) and other syndromes (Seckel, Laron, CHARGE, Osteogeneses imperfecta, Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia; each one, n=1). Ten patients did not confirm the initial diagnoses by target analyses. Sixty-five patients were classified as unknown syndromic short stature based on the clinical data. Forty-three underwent aCGH/SNPa screening and 12 (27.9%) patients had pathogenic CNVs. Twenty-six patients were submitted to WES and 13 (50%) had pathogenic/possibly pathogenic variants in genes already associated with growth disturbance: ANKRD11 (n=3); COL2A1 (n=2); SRCAP (n=2); BRCA1; POC1A; IGF1R; PTPN11; KIF11 and PCNA (each one, n=1). These genes were associated with rare syndromic conditions associated with growth impairment. All identified SNVs are extremely rare or absent in public database, were predicted to be deleterious and segregated with the phenotype.
Conclusion: The rarity, variability and clinical heterogeneity of syndromic short stature makes establishing a clinical diagnosis difficult. Our genetic evaluation protocol established the definitive diagnosis in 52.5% (62/118) of a group of patients with syndromic short stature. Of these patients, 40.3% (25/62) had no initial clinical diagnosis. A clinical diagnostic paradigm with a systematic phenotype evaluation, targeted genetic testing and exome sequencing increases the diagnostic rate of syndromic short stature patients.
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