ESPE Abstracts

Introduction: Identifying the nutritional diagnosis of adolescents is crucial for developing public health strategies that promote the adequate development of this population.

Objective: To analyze the temporal trends of the BMI of Brazilian adolescents (10 to 19 years old) between 2010 and 2021.

Methods: Descriptive ecological study. Data obtained from e-SUS Primary Care. The prevalence rate of the categories was obtained: severe thinness (ST), thinness (T), eutrophic (E), overweight (OW), obesity (OB), and severe obesity (SOB), and the trend was calculated by segmented linear regression, the variations annual percentages (APCs). In addition, time-series analysis was performed in the Joinpoint Regression Program.

Results: In the analysis of the country as a whole, the BMI showed a decreasing character in the categories "ST" (APC:-2.7; P=0.029) and "E" (APC:-3.8; P=0.008). BP” (APC: 3.0; P<0.031), “OB” (APC: 9;1; P<0.001) and “SOB” (APC: 29.6; P=0.012). The highest annual percentage reduction (APC-) of "E" occurred between 2019 and 2020 (67.78% -> 64.17%). The highest APC+ of “OW”, “OB” and “SOB” occurred between 2019 and 2020 (“SB”: 18.25% ->19.97%; “OB”:7.91% ->10.46%; “SOB”:1.8% -> 2.41%). "ST" was stationary in the Northeast and decreasing in the others "T" showed an increasing character in the Northeast, Southeast, and South. In all regions, "E" had a decreasing trend, while we observed an increasing character in the prevalence of "OW", "OB" and "SOB".

Conclusion: The growing trend of the "OW", "OB" and "SOB" categories in the last 12 years evidence exposure to risk factors harmful to the development of this population, such as the intake of hypercaloric foods and a sedentary lifestyle. In addition, the increase in "MA" in some regions highlights the country's socioeconomic inequalities and differences in nutritional profile. The most considerable reduction in "E" and the most significant increase in "OW" and "OB" in the 2019-2020 period can be attributed to the Covid-19 pandemic's impact on the habits of this population.