ESPE Abstracts

Background and Aim: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) is not an inherited condition and 80% of children with T1DM have no family history of diabetes. It is associated with other autoimmune conditions with hypothyroid being the most common followed by celiac disease. However, most of this data is from developed countries. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of different autoimmune conditions in T1DM and to look for the clinical pattern of autoimmunity in families of T1DM in developing countries.

Methodology: Retrospective review of all T1DM children presented in Paediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Clinic of a tertiary care hospital over last 1 year.

Results: Total 47 cases (25 females) were included. Mean age of diagnosis of T1DM was 6.3 year (8m – 14 years). Mean duration of diabetes was 1.8 year (2 m – 8.5 years). Parental consanguinity was found in 21 cases (44.7%). Total 6 cases (12.8%) were having other autoimmune conditions with celiac disease being the most common (n=6), followed by hypothyroidism (n=1) and autoimmune hepatitis (n=1). Family history of autoimmune condition was found in 18 cases (38.3%) with T1DM being the most common (n=8), followed by celiac disease (n=4), hypothyroidism (n=4), vitiligo (n=2), hyperthyroidism (n=1), nephrotic syndrome (n=1), and rheumatoid arthritis (n=1). 7 cases (14.9%) of cohort had a sibling with autoimmune condition (T1DM=4, celiac=2, and nephrotic syndrome =1). Mother with known autoimmune condition was found in 7/47 cases (14.9%), with T1DM being the most common (n=5), followed by hyperthyroidism (n=1), hypothyroidism and vitiligo (n=1). There are 4 cases (8.5%) where father was having pre-existing autoimmune condition (T1DM=2, hypothyroidism=1, vitiligo=1). Detailed extended family history showed 9 cases (19.2%) of our cohort had autoimmunity in extended family (6 cases from paternal side, 3 from maternal).

Conclusion: Children with T1DM in developing countries seems to have 12.8% incidence of other autoimmune diseases with celiac being the most common. Autoimmune conditions in family were found in 38.3% with T1DM being the most common condition.