ESPE2024 Poster Category 1 Diabetes and Insulin 1 (9 abstracts)
A population preventive study of early detection of type 1 diabetes in asymptomatic children in the North-East region of Poland
Artur Bossowski 1 , Klaudyna Noiszewska 1 , Milena Jamiołkowska-Sztabkowska 1 , Aneta Zasim 1 , Agnieszka Polkowska 1 , Filip Bossowski 1 , Magdalena Skorupska 1 , Angelika Buczyńska 1 , Adam Krętowski 1 , Tobiasz Sikora 2 & Piotr Trzonkowski 3
1Medical University in Białystok., Białystok, Poland. 2Healthy Fundation Neuca, Torun, Poland. 3Medical University in Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
Introduction: The population study of early detection of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in asymptomatic children in the Podlaskie region of Poland is an extension of the Pre-d1abetes Study conducted by our clinic between 2019 and 2023 in collaboration with 14 Polish diabetes centres. A total of 1288 patients aged between 7 months and 18 years were studied with positive family of T1D. Positive 3-screen ELISA values were observed in 112 patients (8.69%). During analysis of individual antibody types, 76 children with multiple (two or more) antibodies were identified, constituting a pre-diabetes group (5.9%). Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify high-risk patients for development of T1D among healthy pre-school and primary school children age 1-9 years in North-East of Poland.
Methods: Blood samples collected were frozen at -20 C. A 3 screen RSR ELISA (Cardiff, UK) was used. In cases of a positive screen, were analysed specific antibodies: anti-GAD, anti-ZnT8, anti-IA2 and IAA (anti-insulin) by ELISA and RIA methods.
Results: Eight counties were selected for the pilot study with Podlaskie voivodeship. 3.000 children were screened, with a positive result in 85 (3.46%) of subjects. In addition, 0.44% had two and 0.65% two or more antibodies, giving the highest risk of developing DT1 among the tested children. Positive results of the study will allow for appropriate education of families to early symptoms of T1D, implementation of diets with a low glycemic index, regular physical activity and the inclusion of the children to Diabetes Clinic for follow-up. The research was the first in Poland and unique in Europe.
Conclusion: In summary, a population studies using the 3 Screen ELISA (RSR Ltd) test can recognize pre-clinical T1D before development of carbohydrate abnormalities. Patient follow up with early education and multidirectional diabetes care should prevent occurrence of ketoacidosis associated with severe clinical manifestations. This opens the possibility of therapeutic interventions in innovative clinical programs
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