Impact of clinical parameters and glycemic control on microalbuminuria levels in children and youth with type 1 diabetes

Touzani Asmae; Chabraoui Layachi; Zineb Imane; a Bennani Naim; Amhager Samah; Kriouile Yamna; Gaouzi Ahmed

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ESPE Abstracts (2024) 98 P3-52

ESPE2024 Poster Category 3 Diabetes and Insulin (36 abstracts)

Impact of clinical parameters and glycemic control on microalbuminuria levels in children and youth with type 1 diabetes

Touzani Asmae ^1,2 , Chabraoui Layachi ² , Zineb Imane ¹ , Bennani Naim a ¹ , Amhager Samah ¹ , Kriouile Yamna ¹ & Gaouzi Ahmed ¹

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¹Diabetology-Endocrinology Unit-PII-Chu, Rabat, Morocco. ²Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Educational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of chronic renal failure. Poor metabolic control exposes the patient to multiple chronic complications, the most serious of which is diabetic nephropathy. This complication is the leading cause of chronic renal failure.

Aims: the main aimof our work is to assess the frequency of nephropathy in diabetic children and to study the impact of clinical parameters and metabolic control on microalbuminuria levels.

Material and Methods: The study involved 510 patients (84 Boys and 104 Girls) with a sex ratio of (3.8/1), an average age of 21.4±6.8years, an average duration of diabetes of 12.8±6.7years and an average age of onset of diabetes of 8.7±4.1years. Hemoglobin was determined by immunochemical assay (DCA 2000), while microalbuminuria was analyzed by immunoturbidimetry.

Results: The incidence of diabetic nephropathy was 25% (48/192), with females predominating (3.8/1). There was a significant difference in mean age and duration of diabetes in patients with pathological microalbuminuria (>20 mg/l) compared with those without (P <0.05; P <0.01 respectively). The frequency of microalbuminuria is 11.3% in children with a duration of diabetes <5 years, this risk multiplies by 2 after 5 years of diabetes progression (22.7%). In balanced diabetics (HbA1c: 5-7%), the frequency of microalbuminuria is 9.7%, reaching a peak (44%) in T1DM with poor glycemic control (HbA1c between 7-9%). Underweight occurs in 15.7% of patients and 7.6% are overweight.

Conclusion: This original study shows that female gender, age, duration of diabetes and glycemic imbalance are risk factors for the development of nephropathy in children and young people with type 1 diabetes. Thus, early detection of microalbuminuria is imperative to avoid progression to clinical proteinuria and end-stage renal failure.