ESPE Abstracts

Background: In this study we anaysed the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, immunological and metabolic factors in children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Methods: From January 2009 to January 2023, children with T1DM. were enrolled in this study. 79 healthy children were recruited as the control group.

Results: A total of 357 children with T1DM were included, including 177 males and 180 females. The mean age was 8.49 ± 3.99 years, and the age of onset was 6.25 ± 1.74 years. 13.17% (47/357) of the patients had a history of prodromal infection. 55.74% (199/357) had diabetic ketoacidosis as the first manifestation. The mean fasting blood glucose was 20.14±6.49mmol/L and the mean HbA1c was 11.73 ± 2.71%. 50.30% of patients (167/332) were positive for insulin antibody, with the highest positive rate of anti-glutamate decarboxylase antibody, 82.04% (137/167). In addition, CD4+/ CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in the T1DM group than in the control group (1.45 ± 0.61 VS 1.32 ± 0.278, P <0.05). Thyroid antibodies were elevated in 87.7% (256/292) of the patients, with 7.19% (21/292) combined with abnormal thyroid function. 62.86% (132 /210) of the patients had vitamin D deficiency. 4.48% (16/357) of the patients were overweight or obese, and 10.03% (32/319) were with hyperlipidemia. Besides, 97.05% (296/305) of T1DM patients 97.05% (296/305) of patients receiveded subcutaneous insulin, while 2.95% (9/305) of patients opted for insulin pump therapy.

Conclusion: In the pathogenesis of T1DM, there is an imbalance of lymphocyte subsets, the ratio of CD4+/ CD8+ T cells increases, and metabolic factors such as obesity, hyperlipidemia and vitamin D deficiency are all involved in the occurrence of diabetes.