ESPE2024 Poster Category 3 Late Breaking (83 abstracts)
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Findings and Brain Maturity Index in Children with Idiopathic Short Stature and Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review
Ashraf Soliman 1 , Fawzia Alyafei 1 , Nada Alaaraj 1 , Noor Hamed 1 , Shayma Ahmed 1 , Noora AlHemedi 1 , Ahmed Elawwa 1 & Abbas Noureldin 2
1Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar. 2Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
Introduction: Idiopathic short stature (ISS) and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) are conditions that can result in various cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a valuable tool for investigating brain functional connectivity and maturity, offering insights into the neurological underpinnings of ISS and GHD. This review summarizes fMRI findings and their clinical associations, highlighting differences in brain maturity indices and functional connectivity in children with ISS and GHD.
Methods: 8 studies were selected based on relevance to fMRI results, brain maturity indices, and clinical correlations.
Results:
| Author | Year | Sample Size | fMRI Findings | Clinical Associations |
| Hu et al. | 2019 | 53 ISS, 31 GHD | Decreased FCDs in left postcentral gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and cerebellar lobules | FCD values in left postcentral gyrus correlated with IGFBP-3 and IGF-1 levels |
| Andrade et al. | 2022 | 102 children | 16.7% diagnostic yield of multigene analysis in children with ISS | Genetic diagnosis impacted clinical management for some children |
| Moeller et al. | 2008 | 10 children | EEG/fMRI studies show BOLD signal changes related to IED in children with benign focal epilepsy | Functional disturbances in frontal brain areas during IED, linked to neuropsychological findings |
| Dosenbach et al. | 2010 | 238 scans | Development of brain maturity index using resting-state fMRI | Index allows accurate prediction of brain maturity, highlighting changes in functional connectivity over development |
| Zhang et al. | 2020 | 24 ISS, 24 GHD | Smaller gray matter volume, cortical surface area, and gray matter thickness in GHD compared to ISS | Correlations between gray matter volume, cortical surface area, and IGF-I levels |
| Webb et al. | 2012 | 15 GHD, 14 ISS | Decreased brain volumes and white matter integrity in GHD compared to ISS | Cognitive and motor deficits linked to brain structural changes |
| Zhang et al. | 2020 | 26 GHD, 15 controls | Abnormal ALFF in children with GHD | Abnormal brain functional activity linked to cognitive and behavioral abnormalities |
| Zhang et al. | 2020 | 26 GHD, 15 controls | Abnormal amplitude of spontaneous low-frequency fluctuation in GHD | Cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with brain activity changes |
Discussion and Conclusion: Studies indicate significant differences in functional connectivity, brain volumes, and brain activity between children with ISS and GHD. Clinical associations highlight the impact of these changes on cognitive and motor functions, emphasizing the importance of fMRI in diagnosing and managing these conditions. Continued research is essential to further elucidate mechanisms underlying ISS and GHD and improve clinical outcomes for affected children.
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