ESPE2022 Poster Category 2 Pituitary, Neuroendocrinology and Puberty (35 abstracts)
Evaluation of The Effects of Carob (Ceratonia Siliqua L.) Fruits on the Puberty of Rats
Aylin Kılınç Uğurlu 1 , Aysun Bideci 2 , Elvan Anadol 3 , İpek Süntar 4 , Gülnur Take Kaplanoğlu 5 , Özlem Gülbahar 6 , Zeynep Şafak Teksin 7 , Duygu Dayanır 5 , Tuba Saadet Deveci Bulut 6 , Canan Uluoğlu 8 & M.Orhun Çamurdan 2
1Ankara City Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey; 2Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey; 3Gazi University, Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research Center, Ankara, Turkey; 4Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey; 5Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey; 6Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey; 7Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey; 8Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
Introduction: Ceratonia siliqua L. (CS) is from the legumes (Fabaceae) family, and different forms such as carob extract and flour are preferred by parents because it is a natural sweetener and a source of vegetable carbohydrates. CS is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. When we questioned histories of the cases of early puberty and puberty variants who applied to our clinic, we noticed long-term and regular use in some cases. We planned to experimentally determine the effects of CS use on puberty.
Methods: CS fruits were collected from Mersin-Turkey province in 2021. CS extract was given to rats in a 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution. Forty-eight Wistar albino rats on a postnatal day 21, were assigned into 2 groups as female(n=24) and male(n=24). Groups were divided into four groups as Control group(CG)-Group1(GP1)-Group2(GP2) and Group3(GP3). CMC (0.5 %) to the CG 150 mg/kg/day to the GP1, 300 mg/kg/day to the GP2, 600 mg/kg/day to the GP3, CS extract was given by oral gavage. The treatments were performed once daily until first sign of puberty. Serum FSH-LH-Estradiol-Testosterone-Leptin and Glutathioneperoxidase (GPx) were studied with rat kits by ELISA method. Testis and ovary tissue were examined histologically.
Results: The median time of preputial separation in male rats were 38th-31st-31st-31st days, CG-G1-G2-G3 sequentially. The day of beginning of puberty was earlier in G1-G2-G3 to CG.(P=0.04) The median time of the vaginal opening day in female rats were 39th-31st-34th-31st days in the CG-G1-G2-G3, respectively. (P> 0.05) FSH-LH-Testosterone(male)-Estradiol(female)-Leptin levels of groups are similar (P>0.05). GPx levels were higher in the groups given C. Siliqua extract compared to the control group both male(P=0.001) and female group(P=0.008). Testicular and ovarian tissues were concordant with the pubertal period in all groups. As the dose of CS increased; it induced spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, caused abnormal changes such as ondulation in the basement membrane, capillary dilatation, and increased congestion in male. Edema and congestion in the medulla gradually increased with increased dosage and the separation of granulosa cell connections was detected in G2-G3 in female.
Conclusion: We demonstrated that CS caused early puberty and increased spermiogenesis and folliculogenesis. We discovered that antioxidant mechanisms might affect this, but it may cause tissue damage at high doses. Foods consumed due to organic nutrition can become endocrine disruptors when the amount and duration of use increase.
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