ESPE2024 Poster Category 2 Late Breaking (107 abstracts)
Effects of Music at 432 Hz on Biological Stress Responses in Infants born Preterm and at Term
Chiara Cauzzo 1,2 , Valentina Chiavaroli 1 , Susanna Di Valerio 1 , José G B Derraik 3,4 , Claudia Rossi 5 , Mirco Zucchelli 5 , Maria Lucia Tommolini 5 , Luca Federici 5 , Eleonora Coclite 1 , Angelika Mohn 2 & Francesco Chiarelli 2
1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pescara Public Hospital, Pescara, Italy. 2Department of Pediatrics, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. 3Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. 4Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. 5Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
Background: Health professionals are increasingly aware that the acoustic environment in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit may affect infants’ well-being. Where unpredictable noise adversely affects sleep and physiologic stability, meaningful auditory stimulation might have positive effects, primarily in the short term. Furthermore, evidence is now emerging regarding beneficial long-term effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes. Notably, recent literature suggests that 432 Hz music, compared to conventional 440 Hz music, may have more positive effects on vital parameters and stress levels in adults.
Design: We conducted a prospective exploratory study with a variable comparison design to assess the effects of 432 Hz music on physiological parameters, behavioral state (Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates – Revised), and salivary cortisol levels in 34 infants born preterm and 41 infants born at term exposed to 432 Hz music, 30 minutes per day for 5 consecutive days. Physiological and behavioral parameters were assessed daily, at baseline and after 15 and 30 minutes of music exposure. Salivary cortisol was assessed at baseline, at the end of Day 3 session and at the end of Day 5 session.
Results: A reduction in respiratory rate and an increase in oxygen saturation were observed in both preterm and term groups between baseline and Day 5 (all P < 0.05). A significant reduction in heart rate and blood pressure was detected in both groups during every music session (all P < 0.05). Behavioral state improved in every day music session in both groups, and between Day 1 and 5 in the preterm group (all P < 0.05). A decrease in salivary cortisol levels was observed in both preterm and term newborns after 5 days of music exposure: in the former group the reduction reached a statistical significance (P = 0.0135), while in the latter group cortisol levels tended to be lower (P = 0.0626).
Conclusions: This pilot study indicates a beneficial impact of 432 Hz music on physiological parameters and behavioral state in newborns born preterm and at term. Of note, a significant reduction in cortisol levels was observed in those born preterm, suggesting also a positive effect on stress levels in these infants. The lack of significance in cortisol reduction in infants born at term may be explained by the less stressful events these newborns are exposed to than those born preterm. The present exploratory data set the tone to further explore the effects of 432 Hz music in infants born preterm and at term.
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