ESPE2024 Poster Category 3 Thyroid (24 abstracts)
Comprehensive Review on the Mechanisms of Thyroxine Action on Growth and Brain Development
Nada Alaaraj , Ashraf Soliman , Noor Hamed , Shayma Ahmed & Fawzia Alyafei
Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
Introduction and Methods: We systemically reviewed the literature and analyzed key research papers from 1954 to 2023 on thyroxine action on growth and brain development.
Results: (Table)
| Author(s): | Year: | Key Finding: |
| Walker, Weichsel, Fisher, & Guo: | 1979 | Thyroxine increased nerve growth factor concentration in the adult mouse brain, suggesting thyroid hormones' role in CNS development. |
| Davis et al: | 2004 | Thyroxine promotes angiogenesis and tissue development through signaling pathways, such as those involving FGFs, supporting skeletal and other tissues' growth. |
| Okubo & Reddi: | 2003 | Thyroxine downregulates Sox9 and promotes chondrocyte hypertrophy, directly stimulating bone elongation and overall growth. |
| Alzoubi et al: | 2009 | Thyroxine treatment reversed hypothyroidism-induced impairment in hippocampus-dependent cognition. |
| Helbing et al: | 2007 | T4 and T3, with T4 have a significant impact on gene expression profiles important for neural development and function. |
| Takahashi et al: | 2007 | Genes in the developing mouse cerebellum are positively regulated by thyroxine. |
| Kunisue et al: | 2011 | Analyzed six thyroid hormones in the brain and thyroid gland, highlighting the critical roles of THs in growth and brain development. |
| Sharlin et al: | 2010 | Provided insight into the potential mechanisms that can ameliorate the consequences of small reductions in serum thyroxine on brain development. |
| Morreale de Escobar et al: | 2004 | Highlighted the role of maternal thyroid hormone on early brain development. |
| Davis et al: | 2006 | Described the nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone via a plasma membrane receptor, influencing cell proliferation and angiogenesis. |
| Forhead & Fowden: | 2014 | Reviewed thyroid hormones' roles in fetal growth and brain development |
| Koibuchi: | 2013 | Discussed the critical role of thyroid hormone in cerebellar development and function. |
| Howie et al: | 2016 | Suggested that maternal thyroid disorders could increase the risk for craniosynostosis. |
| Zhang et al: | 2010 | Demonstrated the stimulatory effects of thyroid hormone on brain angiogenesis. |
| Hatsukano et al: | 2017 | Showed that T3 promotes dendritic outgrowth of Purkinje cells through induction of PGC-1α, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. |
| Zamoner et al: | 2007 | Explored the nongenomic action of thyroid hormones promoting Ca2+ influx by ionic channels involving mechanisms dependent on kinase activities, highlighting its importance in CNS development. |
| Shulga & Rivera: | 2013 | Discussed the interplay between thyroxin, BDNF, and GABA in injured neurons, necessary for survival and regeneration. |
| Vishwakarma et al: | 2023 | Hypothyroidism induces motor deficit via altered cerebellar HB-EGF/EGFR and autophagy mechanisms |
Conclusion: Thyroxine plays multifaceted roles in growth and brain development, engaging in complex hormonal interactions, promoting neurodevelopment, and influencing structural growth processes.
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