ESPE2016 Poster Presentations Thyroid P2 (49 abstracts)
Clinical Case of Acute Liver Injury in Pediatric Patient with Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism
Silvana Caiulo a , Maria Cristina Vigone a , Elena Peroni a , Marianna di Frenna a , Luca Saracco a , Massimo Memoli b , Graziano Barera a & Giovanna Weber a
aDepartment of Paediatrics, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; bIRCCS San Raffaele, Medical liver Unit, Milan, Italy
Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and methimazole (MMI)-induced toxic hepatitis are both rare diseases in pediatric age.
Case presentation: We present the case of a 15-year-old girl affected by idiopathic arthritis and autoimmune thyroiditis. The autoimmune thyroiditis was diagnosed at 13 years of age. At 15 years old she developed hyperthyroidism (TSH <0.01 mcU/ml, FT4 2.3 ng/dl, FT3 8.4 pg/ml, TRAb 18 IU/l) and was treated with MMI (0.28 mg/kg per day). 2 weeks after the start of treatment FT3 and FT4 were normalized, but there was a relevant elevation of her transaminases (AST 493 U/l, ALT 614 U/l). MMI-induced toxic hepatitis, AIH, and viral hepatitis were all considered as possible diagnoses and we immediately suspended the MMI. Her transaminases remained stable but elevated in the 10 days following MMI suspension. We excluded the most common causes of viral hepatitis. Autoimmune screening tests showed a positivity of anti-LKM antibody with 1:80 titre. Smooth muscle antibodies were negative. Due to the lack of improvement of transaminases’ values with the suspension of MMI and the positivity of anti-LKM antibody, we performed an echo-guided liver biopsy. The histological examination was suggestive of an AIH in the active phase. We made the diagnosis of AIH using the revised scoring system for AIH diagnosis provided by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. We re-started MMI and started therapy with prednisone and azathioprine. Transaminases were normalized after 2 weeks and thyroid function was normalized after 1 month.
Conclusion: AIH is a rare disease in pediatric age, however it is important to keep in mind that patients affected by autoimmune thyroiditis are at an increased risk to develop other autoimmune diseases. Therefore it must be considered in these cases. MMI-induced hepatotoxicity should also be considered, even though MMI causes less serious liver damage when compared to propylthiouracil.
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