ESPE Abstracts

Objective: to evaluate the characteristics of eating behavior in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and various forms of obesity.

Methods: We examined 80 children in the University Hospital (Minsk) in 2021. All children were divided into 2 groups: group 1 30 children (18 boys (B) (BMI 31.68±4.57 kg/m², age 13.23±2.01 years) and 12 girls (G) (BMI 30.30±4.65 kg/m², age 13.43±2.49 years)) with different forms of obesity (alimentary (AO), morbid (MO)); group 2 - and 50 children (27 boys (B) (BMI 23.68±2.17 kg/m², age 13.56±2.11 years) and 23 girls (G) (BMI 23.30±2.15 kg/m², age 13.28±2.04 years)) with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Their anthropometric parameters (height, weight, body mass index (BMI)) were determined. Biochemical blood tests were performed (total protein, glycated hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, cholesterol, total calcium, potassium, sodium, creatinine, urea, glucose). The analysis of food diaries is carried out. The frequency of the use of keto diets by adolescents was estimated.

Results: According to the analysis of food diaries, there was a decrease in the consumption of starchy vegetables by obese children compared to their peers with diabetes. In the group of children with obesity, cellular vegetables were included in the diet less often than in their peers with diabetes. There was a significantly lower consumption of fish by children. The consumption of cereals and pasta by obese children exceeded those of children with diabetes. According to the evaluation of food diaries, an increase in the consumption of foods with a high glycemic index (GI) in obese children compared to children with diabetes was revealed. The examined patients consumed a large number of confectionery products. The inclusion of confectionery products in the diet of children is considered as one of the risk factors for the formation of obesity. Excessive consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates leads to a sharp postprandial increase in blood glucose and insulin levels. Our study revealed that obese children were significantly more likely to consume high – GI foods (confectionery) and less likely to consume low-and medium-GI foods (cereals, starchy vegetables, fiber vegetables).

Conclusions: In children with obesity and diabetes, errors in nutrition were noted. The keto diet is contraindicated in children with carbohydrate disorders, it can not only decompress the underlying disease, but also adversely affect the function of many significant systems.