ESPE2023 Rapid Free Communications Fat, metabolism and obesity 1 (6 abstracts)
Effect of maternal diet and breastfeeding on growth and distribution of adiposity from birth up to 12 months: data from the European LIFE-MILCH project
Beatrice Righi 1 , Francesca Alberghi 1 , Marta Fontana 1 , Annalisa Pelosi 2 , Emanuela Davolio 3 , Cecilia Rotteglia 3 , Cecilia Catellani 1 , Chiara Sartori 1 , Anna-Mariia Shulhai 4 , Veronica Buia 4 , Anna Maria Papini 5 , Vassilios Fanos 6 , Paola Palanza 4 & Maria E Street 7,1
1Unit of Paediatrics, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy. 2Department of medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. 3Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia., Reggio Emilia, Italy. 4Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. 5PeptLab-MODELS, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. 6Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. 7Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma and Unit of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
The ongoing European LIFE-MILCH project(www.lifemilch.eu), focuses on detecting Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in mothers, in breast and formula milk and in urine of mothers and infants up to 12 months of age studying relationships with neurodevelopment, growth, distribution of adiposity, pubertal stages to establish a risk assessment model to prepare safety guidelines. In this study we have evaluated the effects of maternal diet during and after pregnancy, and of duration of breastfeeding on longitudinal growth, head circumference, BMI, and skinfold thickness(SFT). The analyses were carried out on the 254/654 mother-infant dyads enrolled at one site. The mothers were enrolled at 36-40weeks GA, all in good health. Pregnancies were uncomplicated. All women filled questionnaires related to lifestyle and nutritional habits (daily and weekly frequency of intake of cereals, meat, eggs, fruit, vegetables, fatty food and dairy products) at recruitment, 1, 3, and 6 months after delivery. The duration and type of feeding was registered. All anthropometric measurements, bicipital, tricipital, subscapular and supra-iliac SFT were evaluated at 3 and 6 months in the infants. The series included 125 males and 129 females. After delivery mothers were eating significantly less vegetables, fruit and cereals, and were taking more fat food whereas meat intake was unchanged, and intake of dairy products variable. When breastfeeding stopped, the intake of cereals decreased(p:0.029). The effect of mothers’ diet before and after delivery was analysed separately; the average of the frequency of intake of each food category was considered. Whereas at 6 months we did not observe any effect on BMISDS, this was increased at 12 months in the infants of mothers reporting a lower intake of cereals during pregnancy, and a higher intake of dairy products after delivery. BMISDS was higher in those who received formula milk after 3 months of age. Growth velocity was slower in breastfed children. In females, bicipital SFT was greater at 12 months if mothers reported a greater meat and dairy intake during pregnancy, whereas tricipital SFT was smaller if the intake of cereals was less both during and after pregnancy. This was observed also for supra-iliac SFT at 12 months. In males, increased supra-iliac SFT was observed at 6 months when the mothers reported a greater intake of cereals during pregnancy. In conclusion, maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation has effects mostly on weight and distribution of fat in infants. This highlights the need to improve maternal nutrition.
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