ESPE2023 Poster Category 1 Fat, Metabolism and Obesity (97 abstracts)
Serum leptin concentrations in a pooled cohort of 6.105 children and adolescents: Reference values as a function of dependence on sex, age, pubertal stage and BMI-SDS
Stephanie Brandt 1 , Mandy Vogel 2,3 , Jürgen Kratzsch 4 , Daniel Tews 1 , Lutz Pridzun 5 , Bertram Flehmig 5 , Michael B Ranke 6 , Antje Körner 7,8 , Wieland Kiess 4 , Werner F Blum 9 & Martin Wabitsch 1
1Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany. 2LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany. 3Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig, Germany. 4Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Center for Pediatric Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 5Mediagnost GmbH, Reutlingen, Germany. 6Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children´s Hospital, Tübingen, Germany. 7Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 8University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig, Germany. 9Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
Background: Current reference values for leptin in childhood and adolescence are presented separately for girls and boys, and as a function of age without considering the variability of fat mass. This complicates the interpretation of measured serum leptin concentrations since fat mass is the major determinant of circulating leptin concentrations. To fill this gap, we aimed at pooling existing data (age, BMI, sex, tanner stage (TS), serum leptin concentrations) from cohorts of children and adolescents to establish reference values in dependence of sex, age, pubertal stage and the surrogate parameter for fat mass, BMI.
Methods: The total study group consisted of 11 cohorts with a total of n=6.105 children and adolescents (49.9% females; age range:0.14 - 19.9 years, BMI-SDS range: -4.4 to +6.3). Serum leptin concentrations were measured with the ELISA from Mediagnost, Reutlingen, Germany.
Results: Serum leptin concentrations ranged between 0.01 and 207 ng/ml. We observed an increase in serum leptin concentrations (ln) with increasing BMI-SDS in both sexes (males: r= 0.82; females: r= 0.83). When serum leptin concentrations were related to age, higher concentrations in girls than in boys were observed. A minimal variance of leptin concentrations was observed in the first three years of age (males: 0.2-14.4 ng/ml; females: 0.2-40.8 ng/ml). From age three to 10 years, the variance of leptin concentrations became wider (males: 0.07-68.8 ng/ml; females: 0.16-74.6 ng/ml) and a wider variance of leptin concentrations was present between 10 and 19.9 years of age (males: 0.11-207 ng/ml; females: 0.2-183.6 ng/ml). Leptin concentrations (median) increased in girls continuously with progression of puberty (2.58 ng/ml at T1 to 29.1 ng/ml at TS5), while in boys, leptin concentrations were highest at TS2 (15.2 ng/ml), declined to 7.68 ng/ml at TS4 and increased again to 8.44 ng/ml at T5.
Conclusion: We describe clear associations between sex, age, pubertal stage, BMI-SDS and leptin concentrations in a large cohort of children and adolescents. We present reference values for leptin concentrations in childhood and adolescence as a function of sex, age, pubertal stage and BMI-SDS.
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