ESPE Abstracts

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is the master regulator of calcium homeostasis. This class C G-protein coupled receptor binds extracellular calcium and phosphate, and is the target of calcimimetic and calcilytic drugs. The CaSR is expressed on the cell surface as a homodimer and is most highly expressed in the parathyroid glands and the renal thick ascending limb, where it acts to maintain a near-constancy of plasma calcium concentrations by regulating parathyroid hormone ...

Object: To raise the awareness of clinical manifestations about vasculitis-related moyamoya syndrome by summarizing the clinical characteristics of a girl with central precocious puberty, vasculitis-related moyamoya syndrome and reviewing the literature. Method: We carried on the review analysis to the patient with central precocious puberty, vasculitis-related moyamoya syndrome and reviewed the literature. Result: The bilateral breast development was the prim...

The generation of functional, long-lived adrenocortical cells through reprogramming from pluripotent stem cells or via lineage conversion strategies, could offer an alternative treatment modality for adrenal insufficiency (AI) due to a variety of causes, such as mutation in steroidogenic enzymes as seen in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The recent generation of human induced steroidogenic cells (hiSCs) from fibroblasts, blood- and urine-derived cells established from he...

Background: Subtle phenotypic differences have previously been described among children with varied genetic subtypes of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) – 15q11-q13 paternal microdeletion, maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD), and rare imprinting center defects. The MKRN3 gene, located on 15q11.2, is a master regulator of pubertal initiation and is a candidate gene for abnormal pubertal development in PWS.Objective and hy...

Background: The increase of global childhood obesity has led to an increase of associated co-morbidities also at a young age. The pro-inflammatory state and insulin resistance are two master regulators of several complications, including hypertension and pre-diabetes frequently connected in a complex crosstalk.Aim: To evaluate the relationship between glucose alterations and blood pressure and the pathogenetic involvemen...

Background/aim: Sorafenib® is a multi-kinase inhibitor and one of the few systemic treatment options for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Resistance to Sorafenib® develops frequently and could be mediated by the NAD dependent deacetylase sirtuin (SIRT) 1, a master regulator of cellular energy metabolism and stress responses. We aimed to find out if Sorafenib® treatment depends on changes in cellular NAD le...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the master hormone regulating the reproductive axis and its pulsatile secretion is crucial for puberty onset and fertility. Disruption in GnRH neuron development or hypothalamic function can lead to absent or delayed puberty (DP) due to GnRH deficiency, with a phenotypic spectrum from severe delayed puberty to partial or complete Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (HH). HH can also be present as a shared trait with other neurodevelopmental d...

Background: Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder caused by the deficient production, secretion or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is the master hormone regulating the reproductive axis. CHH can be divided into Kallmann syndrome (KS) with dysosmia and normosmic Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nCHH) according to the presence or absence of an olfactory disorder.Methods:</...

Objective: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic imprinting disorder resulting from the expression loss of genes on the paternally inherited chromosome 15q11-13. Early-onset life-thriving obesity represents the PWS clinical hallmarks. The noncoding RNA gene SNORD116 within the minimal PWS genetic lesion plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Despite advancements in understanding the genetic basis for PWS, the pathophysiology of obes...

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the body's largest endocrine organ producing hormones that have important sensing and signaling roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis and immune mechanisms.Objectives and Methods: We performed electronic literature systematic review using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Sciences with the aim of providing an update on the changes occurring in gut hormones (Ghrelin, GLP-1 and PYY, insulin,...